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@PHDTHESIS{Kopsch:1006938,
      author       = {Kopsch, Markus},
      othercontributors = {Müller, Michael and Peschel, Andreas},
      title        = {{I}norganic trace substances in a sorption enhanced
                      gasification process and their removal},
      school       = {Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Aachen},
      publisher    = {RWTH Aachen University},
      reportid     = {RWTH-2025-02830},
      pages        = {1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {Veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen
                      University 2025; Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische
                      Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2024},
      abstract     = {The energy supply by biomass, especially by biomass
                      residues, currently enjoys high acceptance among the German
                      population due to the energy crisis. A process that enables
                      the use of biomass residues for power generation is the
                      Ca-looping gasification process proposed in the European
                      GICO-Project. This process requires a hot gas conditioning
                      (HGC) unit for a gasifier and a calciner to remove inorganic
                      trace substances. To this end, extensive equilibrium
                      calculations with FactSage were conducted for the GICO
                      gasifier (650 °C), and calciner (920 °C), showing that
                      aluminosilicates, Sr-, and Ba-based sorbents could reduce
                      the alkali, respectively sour gas (H2S/SO2, HCl)
                      concentration to sub ppmv levels. Condensation calculations
                      reveal the need for temperature-resistant H2S sorbents since
                      conventional ones, e.g. Zn2TiO4, tend to evaporate, leading
                      to the condensation of unwanted salts, and oxides. Since the
                      release behavior of inorganic trace species and their
                      adsorptive removal under gasification-like conditions
                      between 650 °C and 700 °C has hardly been investigated,
                      the experimental focus of this work is placed on the
                      gasifier operating at 650 °C. The release behavior of
                      inorganic trace substances from raw, water-leached, and
                      hydrochar biomass samples was investigated using molecular
                      beam mass spectrometry (MBMS). The sorption capacity of
                      aluminosilicates, alkaline earth, and rare earths-based
                      sorbents was determined by mass spectrometry (MS) in fixed
                      bed lab-scale investigations. The investigations showed that
                      aluminosilicates are suitable for alkali removal.
                      Furthermore, the results indicate that Ca-stabilized Sr- and
                      Ba-sorbents reduce H2S sufficiently. In both cases,
                      concentrations could be brought below 1 ppmv. Compatibility
                      experiments between filter material (Al- and Ca-Mg-silicate
                      fibers) and sorbents were conducted to investigate the
                      possibility of integrating the sorbents into the filter
                      candles in order to allow a more compact HGC design. Since
                      the Zn-sorbents are not reacting with the filter candle
                      material, they can be integrated into the filter candle.
                      However, aluminum- and silicate-phases are formed when using
                      Sr- and Ba-based sorbents leading to potential risks such as
                      the formation of cracks. Based on the modeling calculations,
                      release, sorption, and compatibility experiments, chemical
                      HGC concepts for different sorbents are proposed.},
      cin          = {413410 / 057700},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)413410_20140620$ / $I:(DE-82)057700_20231115$},
      pnm          = {GICO - Gasification Integrated with CO2 capture and
                      conversion (101006656)},
      pid          = {G:(EU-Grant)101006656},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      doi          = {10.18154/RWTH-2025-02830},
      url          = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/1006938},
}