h1

TY  - THES
AU  - Schmidtke, Florian
TI  - Evaluating multi-use operation of battery energy storage systems in a cyber-physical energy system testbed
PB  - Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen
VL  - Dissertation
CY  - Aachen
M1  - RWTH-2025-08916
SP  - 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen
PY  - 2025
N1  - Veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University
N1  - Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2025
AB  - Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are a promising decentralized solution for the short-term balancing of increasingly volatile generation and demand in energy systems. Flexibility requirements are driven by the rapid expansion of volatile renewable generation and the rising electrification of the mobility and heat sectors. However, available power and capacity are often used for single-use applications, leading to untapped potential of BESS despite rising flexibility demands. This research aims to optimize the multi-use operation of BESS, where power and energy resources are allocated dynamically across different applications. By maximizing BESS utilization for various services, such as system services, demand response, and local grid congestion management, this doctoral thesis seeks to enhance both the technical efficiency and economic value of BESS within a decentralized cyber-physical energy system. To achieve this, a co-simulation research environment is developed to design and validate operational strategies for the multi-use operation of BESS. This multi-agent simulation framework creates a close-to-reality environment to test interactions between BESS, BESS operators, and third-party stakeholders, supporting the design of strategies that improve reliability and flexibility, contributing to the effective integration of BESS into a future cyber-physical energy system. In this context, the following partial contributions are made by this doctoral thesis. Firstly, based on the principles of the smart grid architecture model (SGAM), a co-simulation research environment is developed to enable multi-agent simulation within cyber-physical energy systems based on the mosaik framework. This environment supports the development and integration of individual stakeholder models along with the necessary information architecture, allowing for time-dependent information flows and close-to-reality operational processes. Within this co-simulation research environment, algorithms for the multi-use operation of BESS are designed and validated. These algorithms are created to coordinate BESS operation over time within energy management systems, addressing the needs of various stakeholders and applications. Real-time planning and operational harmonization of individual applications are incorporated to ensure seamless functionality. At the distribution grid level, different types of BESS with different technical and operational characteristics are considered. To address this, two case studies with distinct requirements are deployed and assessed within the co-simulation research environment: (i) large-scale BESS for stacked grid and system services in addition to arbitrage trading, and (ii) aggregated small-scale BESS within a virtual power plant (VPP) configuration. Lastly, the impact of the multi-use strategies is analyzed and evaluated from the perspective of different stakeholders. From the perspective of the BESS operator—whether an individual customer or a virtual power plant—the focus is on evaluating operational outcomes and effectiveness. Additionally, the system operator's perspective is considered to assess the impact of BESS operations on grid reliability and utilization. Through these analyses, this work provides a comprehensive evaluation of BESS multi-use operation. The main findings of this doctoral thesis are as follows. First, single-use and multi-use operations, in various configurations, lead to significant differences in the utilization of BESS in the two case studies. Both the distribution of relative power and the state-of-charge (SoC) are strongly influenced by the operating strategy, resulting in notable variations in the utilization and expected degradation of the BESS. In particular, when focused on arbitrage trading, peak power usage between 95
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)11
DO  - DOI:10.18154/RWTH-2025-08916
UR  - https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/1020343
ER  -