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@PHDTHESIS{Jatmiko:444932,
      author       = {Jatmiko, Widiya},
      othercontributors = {Conradt, Reinhard},
      title        = {{A}ssessment of the melting behavior of batches containing
                      boron oxide carrier raw materials},
      address      = {Aachen},
      reportid     = {RWTH-CONV-145246},
      pages        = {XVII, 129 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
      year         = {2014},
      note         = {Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache; Zugl.: Aachen, Techn.
                      Hochsch., Diss., 2014},
      abstract     = {The kinetic aspects of batch melting related to grain size,
                      primary melt formation, gas liberation, and quartz
                      dissolution can only be characterized by performing
                      laboratory experiments, whereas the thermodynamic aspects
                      can be quantified theoretically. One approach to close the
                      gap between laboratory and industrial practice is scaling up
                      experiments from the milligram to the kilogram range. In the
                      micro scale (less than 150 mg sample), physical and chemical
                      reactions of one component, as well as binary and ternary
                      systems, can be observed through the differential thermal
                      analysis (DTA), coupled with the thermo-gravimetry
                      instrument (TG). Experiments at the mesoscale are:
                      thermal-optical observations (30 g batch), conductometry
                      (200 g batch), modified batch-free time (50 g batch and 250
                      g cullet), and kilogram 10 kg tests in which 4 kg batch and
                      7 kg cullet are involved. The present study aims to
                      investigate whether these methods could be applied to free
                      alkali and B2O3 containing glass batches. The investigated
                      system were the eutectic CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CAS) and
                      CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CMAS) based E-glass combined with
                      various B2O3 content. The onset of melting or primary melt
                      formation in free alkali glass batches is generated by its
                      eutectic melting, while in soda-lime-silica batch, the onset
                      of melting corresponds to physical melting of soda ash. The
                      last part of the present paper is feasibility study of
                      alternative B2O3 carriers applied in boron containing glass
                      batches. Conventional borax pentahydrate is one of the
                      substance in the list of SVHC (Substance of Very High
                      Concern) under EU REACH (Registration, Evaluation,
                      Authorization of Chemical substances) regulation. For
                      borosilicate batches, no significant impact is observed
                      between the conventional and alternative B2O3 carrier.
                      Ulexite as alternative B2O3 carrier shows kinetic advantages
                      in E-glass and insulation wool glass in terms of early onset
                      of melting and short foaming decay, respectively. However,
                      these advantages could not be seen during industrial trial
                      in insulation wool glass melter tank, due to insufficient
                      ulexite data. Both borax pentahydrate and ulexite batches
                      demonstrate similar behavior in respects to energy
                      consumptions. Furthermore, since ulexite is beneficiated in
                      finely ground powder, it contributes to higher emission
                      level after filtration in an electrostatic precipitator
                      equipment.},
      keywords     = {Glas (SWD) / Gemenge (SWD) / Borax (SWD) / Schmelzen (SWD)
                      / Leitfähigkeit (SWD)},
      cin          = {520000 / 524110},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)520000_20140620$ / $I:(DE-82)524110_20140620$},
      shelfmark    = {81.05.Kf},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-50673},
      url          = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/444932},
}