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@PHDTHESIS{WirtzBrckner:460812,
author = {Wirtz-Brückner, Simone Maria},
othercontributors = {Jakobs, Eva-Maria and Ziefle, Martina},
title = {{S}ocial {N}etworking {S}ites als {G}ebrauchsmuster.
{P}rototypische {M}erkmale aus {E}xperten- und
{N}utzersicht},
school = {RWTH Aachen University},
type = {Dissertation},
address = {Aachen},
publisher = {Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University},
reportid = {RWTH-2015-00019},
pages = {VII, 256 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
year = {2015},
note = {Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2015},
abstract = {Social networking sites (SNS) are an integral part of the
communicative everyday life for a lot of people. However,
until now they have hardly been examined as communicative
artifacts. Whereas a lot of socio-scientific research on SNS
is published, linguistic studies are comparatively rare.
Particularly, there is no general consensus in linguistics
about the status of SNS. One notion (see e.g. Dürscheid et
al. 2010), is to regard SNS as a (hybrid) communicative
form. However, communicative forms are communicative
constellations that are only determined by situative and
medial factors. They are indefinite with regard to
communicative purposes or functions. Thus, categorizing SNS
as a communicative form is contradictory to results of
studies regarding the usage of SNS, which clearly show that
SNS users primarily pursue a specific communicative purpose:
the maintenance of social relationships. Therefore, this
dissertation takes another approach: SNS are examined from a
linguistic action theory based perspective. They are
regarded as usage patterns and accordingly produced
hypertextual communicative artifacts. Usage patterns are
standardized means of problem-solving for repeatedly
occurring communicative tasks or problems in a society.
Their attributes can be described with the help of
linguistic models and they have a prototypical character,
which means that there are more or less typical attributes
and more or less typical examples (representatives) of a
usage pattern. Against this background, the thesis pursues
the following aims: The first aim is to show that SNS are
not a communicative format, but communicative artifacts with
a specific communicative purpose that are produced according
to a usage pattern. Secondly, it aims at the reconstruction
of prototypical, typical and less typical attributes of SNS.
To identify these attributes, two perspectives are taken: On
the one hand, attributes are derived from scientific
literature about SNS. On the other hand, the user
perspective (Which attributes do users consider as
prototypical?) is examined in an empirical study. Third, it
is empirically investigated which representatives of the
usage pattern SNS are considered to be prototypical, typical
or less typical and which attributes distinguish
prototypical representatives against less typical
representatives. Finally, the thesis investigates how
surveys (as an empirical method) and specific collection
methods from the field of prototype theory can contribute to
the investigation of usage patterns.In the first part oft
the thesis SNS are viewed from a scientific perspective:
Typical attributes of SNS are derived from socio-scientific
and linguistic studies (expert perspective). The linguistic
concepts of communicative forms (e.g. Dürscheid 2005, Holly
2011) and usage patterns (e.g. text patterns, Sandig 1997;
hypertext patterns, Jakobs 2011) are introduced and
delineated. Afterwards, SNS are described on the level of
communicative forms and aspects of the usage pattern SNS are
outlined. In the second part, SNS are examined from the user
perspective with an empirical study. The study consists of
two consecutive surveys that build on one another. In both
studies the knowledge, assumptions and mental models of
users concerning SNS are investigated. Therefore, different
collection methods from prototype theory (e.g. free listing
of attributes, goodness-of-example rating) are adapted and
combined. Data are partly analyzed with content analysis and
partly statistically.Results confirm that SNS can be
conceptualized as communicative artifacts with a specific
communicative purpose. These artifacts are produced
according to a usage pattern and realized in a new hybrid
communicative form that can be defined as online network (a
communicative form that covers the whole spectrum of
computer-mediated communicative constellations).
Furthermore, standardized ways of usage have developed and
users have knowledge about these ways of usage and
prototypical attributes of SNS. Prototypical attributes
concern the social purpose, the situational context and
participants, action, topic and visualization patterns,
interactive elements and operating patterns. Further
attributes refer to the reception of SNS and qualities that
users assign to SNS (‘general’ attributes such as
‘speed of communication’). Facebook is regarded as the
prototypical representative of the category SNS. A
comparison of the expert and the user perspective shows that
the empirically determined attributes essentially match the
attributes derived from the scientific literature. However,
expert and user perspective partly diverge concerning
representatives of the category.},
cin = {792020},
ddc = {400},
cid = {$I:(DE-82)792020_20140620$},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
urn = {urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-rwth-2015-000190},
url = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/460812},
}
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