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@PHDTHESIS{Weidenhaupt:465387,
author = {Weidenhaupt, Klaus Frank},
othercontributors = {Erdmann, Martin},
title = {{A}ntenna calibration and energy measurement of ultra high
energy cosmic rays with the {A}uger {E}ngineering {R}adio
{A}rray},
address = {Aachen},
publisher = {Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University},
reportid = {RWTH-CONV-145423},
pages = {IV, 190 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
year = {2014},
note = {Online-Ausg.: Weidenhaupt, Klaus Frank: Antenna calibration
and energy measurement of ultra high energy cosmic rays with
the Auger Engineering Radio Array; Aachen, Techn. Hochsch.,
Diss., 2014},
abstract = {With the Auger Engineering Radio Array, radio technique for
the detection of high-energy cosmic rays is being probed for
applications in large scale future cosmic ray detectors.
Within the scope of AERA we deliver with this thesis
important contributions to the development of radio antennas
for the detection of cosmic rays, the calibration of cosmic
ray radio detectors and the energy measurement of the
primary cosmic ray particle with the radio technique. By
means of antenna measurements, we evaluated the electrical
properties and monitored the production quality of all
antennas currently deployed at AERA. We have successfully
adapted the so called Butterfly antenna to the harsh
environmental conditions at AERA by redesigning the
mechanical structure and conducting extensive testing in a
wind tunnel. Reconstruction of the vectorial electric field
emitted by air showers requires knowledge of the directional
and frequency dependent antenna response. Within this thesis
we have developed novel methods to calibrate the response of
MHz radio antennas directly at the site of the experiment.
We have successfully applied these methods to perform
calibration measurements of the two antenna types currently
employed at AERA. We evaluated the performance of the
developed calibration strategies and compared the
measurement results with antenna simulations. Furthermore,
we developed the antenna simulation models which are
currently applied for the reconstruction of cosmic ray radio
data at AERA. Measurements of the primary cosmic ray energy
with the radio technique require the knowledge of the
underlying radio emission mechanisms as they introduce
geometrical dependencies on the observed total radio
emission which have to be corrected for. In a first step we
have identified the dominant emission mechanisms in a set of
high-quality cosmic ray induced radio events by probing the
polarization of the emitted electric field. For this
purpose, we exploited theories of radio emission in the form
of two emission models describing the polarization of cosmic
ray radio data, the pure geomagnetic model and a combined
model which includes the superposition of a charge excess
component. By comparison of the measured polarization vector
of the electric field and the prediction of the emission
models we confirmed the dominant role of the geomagnetic
emission. Moreover, we confirmed the existence of a
sub-dominant charge excess emission component and quantified
its relative contribution to the total radio emission.
Having identified the dominant and sub-dominant emission
mechanisms we were able to define a corrected radio signal
amplitude which considers the interplay of the emission
mechanisms. We modeled the lateral distribution of the
corrected signal amplitude by an exponential falloff to
obtain a unified radio energy estimator at an optimal
lateral distance from the shower axis. We finally performed
a calibration of our energy estimator with the corresponding
energy measurement of the surface detector of the Pierre
Auger Observatory. The obtained correlation indicates a
linear dependency of the radio signal amplitude with the
cosmic ray energy, which is compatible with theories of
radio emission and radio energy measurements of other radio
detectors. With our method, we achieved a relative energy
resolution of about $20\%$ for the radio measurement of the
cosmic ray energy.},
keywords = {Pierre-Auger-Observatorium (SWD) / Luftschauer (SWD) /
UHECR (SWD) / Radioemission (SWD)},
cin = {130000 / 133110 / 133320},
ddc = {530},
cid = {$I:(DE-82)130000_20140620$ / $I:(DE-82)133110_20140620$ /
$I:(DE-82)133320_20140620$},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
urn = {urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-52646},
url = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/465387},
}
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