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@PHDTHESIS{Buggert:480193,
author = {Buggert, Daniel},
othercontributors = {Pieper, Jan and Raabe, Christian and Imorde, Joseph},
title = {{V}illa {M}ondragone – eine {P}apstresidenz als {V}illa},
school = {Aachen, Techn. Hochsch.},
type = {Dissertation},
address = {Aachen},
publisher = {Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University},
reportid = {RWTH-2015-03496},
pages = {684 S. : zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.},
year = {2015},
note = {Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2015},
abstract = {The original structure of the Villa Mondragone was erected
between 1573 and 1578 by mandate of Cardinal Marcus Sitticus
Altemps, who dedicated the building as a guest house for
Pope Gregory XIII. Within this villa – which is the
greatest building among the Villas of Frascati – on
February 24, 1584 the Boncompagni-Pope issued a papal bull
titled “Inter gravissimas”, which outlined the rules for
his newly reformed Gregorian calendar. Although the villa
thusly is the site of great historical significance, its
architectural significance is determined with the second
building phase during the Borghese Era of the Villa
Mondragone in the beginning of the 17th century. Until now
all research on the Villa Mondragone has been based in
historical texts. The loss of numerous documents and the
misclassification thereof within the archives indicates that
so far no accurate reconstruction of the site as it stood in
the 16th century could be produced. Using architectural
research methods the building itself could give clues as to
its original form and thus this gap within the architectural
history of the Villa Mondragone could be filled.The
reconstruction plans show a stately building with two
perpendicular axial systems. On the frontal side, the view
of the villa is characterized through mirror symmetry, taken
from the main route into the villa and a large terrace, both
of which are aligned with the central entrance of the
building. To the south of the building are the gardens,
where this main axis is used as a secondary one. The middle
axis of the first floor gardens runs instead easterly
through a small annex building. In this humble annex –
which breaks through the site’s symmetry – the papal
private apartments are placed in the center of the Piano
Nobile. Therefore the building structure is to be seen as a
contrasting juxtaposition of a stately papal residence and a
simple dwelling of a hermit. The clear structure of the
building is understood as an architectural interpretation of
the papal title “servus servorum dei,” which was
introduced by Pope Gregory I. In this title the self-image
of the papal office is reflected: the pope is simultaneously
regarded as the supreme servant and as below all other
servants of God. The structural implementation of this
humble title illustrates, that the statesmanlike provisions
must be recognized as a necessity of office, when the Pope
himself shows his humility and modesty through needing
merely simple lodgings. The iconographical concept of the
villa blends in this way consistently into the rhetoric of
the Papal court at the time of the Counter-Reformation, so
that the villegiatura of this era could not be understood as
a revival of the ancient Roman tradition of “otium et
negotium.” To understand the villegiatura of this time,
the doctrine of creation must be taken into account. During
the Counter-Reformation this doctrine is brought back to the
center of Christian faith, where it is an essential belief
that the Creator God is revealed to men continually through
nature. Access to nature is therefore an act of devotion in
which closeness to God is sought. The composed analysis of
panegyric writings, in honor of Gregory XIII, show that even
the villegiatura of the Pope should be seen as such an act:
the Pope withdraws for contemplation into nature – at a
distance from the chaos of the city – so as to preserve
his moral integrity. A similar scene can be found in the
Life of St. Gregory, which is shown in a series of paintings
in the chapel of the Villa Mondragone.The ideal model for
the Pope was also staged on a larger scale, as a collegiate
church dedicated to San Gregorio Magno was built in the
village of Monte Porzio. This church is visible from afar on
the western slope of the site, so that it has a large
presence within the landscape. In this building the Giardino
Secreto and the private apartments of the Pope are aligned,
so that the Pope can continually reminisce on the virtues of
his predecessors. In conclusion the Villa Mondragone
presents itself as a papal villa of the Counter-Reformation
Era, which is embedded in the ensemble of Frascati villas as
a place of common curial villegiatura. With these villas,
which included large agrarian estates, the Roman court
symbolically illustrates its ruling force. In this it is the
highest responsibility of the Pope and his College of
Cardinals to preserve the world order set forth by Christ.},
cin = {217220},
ddc = {720},
cid = {$I:(DE-82)217220_20170801$},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
urn = {urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-rwth-2015-034961},
url = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/480193},
}
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