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@PHDTHESIS{Portz:50007,
      author       = {Portz, Daniela},
      othercontributors = {Slusarenko, Alan},
      title        = {{K}noblauch im {P}flanzenschutz - {W}irkung,
                      {A}nwendungsmöglichkeiten und molekularbiologische
                      {S}tudien : unter besonderer {B}erücksichtigung des
                      {I}nhaltsstoffes {A}llicin},
      address      = {Aachen},
      publisher    = {Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University},
      reportid     = {RWTH-CONV-112572},
      pages        = {VI, 220 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
      year         = {2008},
      note         = {Zusammenfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache; Aachen, Techn.
                      Hochsch., Diss., 2008},
      abstract     = {The antimicrobial properties of garlic (Allium sativum),
                      mainly due to the diallylthiosulfinate “Allicin”, have
                      been known for centuries. Allicin is produced when garlic
                      tissues are damaged and the substrate alliin
                      (S-allyl-L-cysteine sulphoxide) mixes with the enzyme
                      alliinase (EC 4.4.1.4). Allicin is readily membrane
                      permeable and undergoes thiol-disulphide exchange reactions
                      with free thiol groups in proteins. It has been suggested
                      that these properties are the basis of its antimicrobial
                      action. The objective of the present work was to contribute
                      to the development of a garlic-based fungicide, including
                      mode of action studies. Therefore, the effectiveness of
                      allicin in garlic juice as a means of controlling plant
                      disease was tested in model pathosystems including tomato /
                      Phytophthora infestans, tomato / Alternaria solani and seed
                      borne diseases such as carrot / Alternaria spp.. Successful
                      protocols, often comparable with the effectivity of
                      commercial treatments, were developed and preliminary
                      experiments with formulations to enhance the long lasting
                      activity were carried out. Initial field trials to assess
                      the performance of allicin in garlic juice at controlling
                      potato leaf blight were also carried out. Investigations of
                      the mode of action of allicin in garlic juice showed a clear
                      reduction in germination and germ-tube growth of sporangia
                      and cysts of Phytophthora infestans. Using Saccharomyces
                      cerevisiae as a model organism it was demonstrated that
                      allicin in garlic juice pushes the cells into an oxidized
                      state where they entered into apoptosis. These results were
                      confirmed at the cellular level using an apoptosis-specific
                      fluorescent probe and confocal laser scanning microscopy to
                      detect active caspases. An additional objective of the
                      present work was to clarify basic requirements mandatory for
                      a genetic engineering approach. Therefore an alliinase cDNA
                      was cloned from garlic by RT-PCR and expressed in yeast and
                      in Arabidopsis thaliana. Although alliinase protein could be
                      detected in yeast by Western blotting it was enzymatically
                      inactive. However, activity was detected in Arabidopsis
                      transformants as a first report of the expression of active
                      alliinase in a transgenic plant species. Investigations,
                      concerning the localization of the enzyme, including studies
                      with different potential signal sequences of garlic
                      alliinase, did not result in a final conclusion. The results
                      show that it appears to be worthwhile to further develop a
                      strategy for using garlic or allicin as a plant protection
                      agent especially for use under glasshouse conditions or in
                      hobby gardening. However, further research work will be
                      necessary to develope a garlic / allicin based plant
                      protection concept including a cost / benefit analysis. In
                      addition there is the possibility of employing a
                      biotechnological approach incorporating the alliinase gene
                      into target plants to assess if resistance to pathogens can
                      be increased under appropriate circumstances.},
      keywords     = {Allicin (SWD) / Knoblauch (SWD) / Alliinlyase (SWD) /
                      Phytophthora infestans (SWD) / Alternaria (SWD) / Tomate
                      (SWD) / Karotte (SWD)},
      cin          = {160000 / 161510},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)160000_20140620$ / $I:(DE-82)161510_20140620$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-22274},
      url          = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/50007},
}