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@PHDTHESIS{Ahn:59685,
author = {Ahn, Jae-Lyong},
othercontributors = {Urban, Günter},
title = {{A}ltar und {L}iturgieraum im römisch-katholischen
{K}irchenbau : eine bauhistorische {B}etrachtung unter
besonderer {B}erücksichtigung der {V}eränderung des
{S}tandorts des {A}ltars nach dem {Z}weiten {V}atikanischen
{K}onzil (1962 - 1965)},
address = {Aachen},
publisher = {Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University},
reportid = {RWTH-CONV-121447},
pages = {242, 20 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
year = {2004},
note = {Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2004},
abstract = {The Christian altar came from the table, at which Jesus ate
the Last Supper with the Twelve. Without doubt, the table
stood in the middle of the room. However, the infant church
did not consider the table as a liturgical device, but only
as a dining table. Every table could be used for the Holy
Communion and every room as a liturgy room. With the merging
of the liturgy of the word with the liturgy of the Eucharist
(70 A.D.), the ultimate division of the church from Judaism
(70-136 A.D.) and the separation of the Eucharist from the
Agape (around 110 A.D.), the liturgy room was transformed
into a longitudinal building with a West-East axis. When the
church was allowed to build its own buildings, a table for
the eucharistic celebration was then considered part of the
furnishing of the liturgy room. At the same time, the
arrangement between the cathedra and the congregation must
have been gradually authorized. Since the epoch of
Constantine, "basilica" is used in reference to church
buildings. The altar stood in the apse, or in the apse area.
With the reorientation of the facilities in the church
buildings, – putting the apse to the East and changing the
position of the priest, – the position of the altar was
changed. In the Middle Ages, the liturgy became a clerical
liturgy and the Mass a choir Mass. There was a spatial
separation between the clerical and public liturgy room with
the rood screen. At that time, every church had a cross
altar deep in the nave, – in many churches in their
centre, – which acts as a second high altar for the
congregation. The understanding of God and the World which
had changed since the Renaissance did not venture to shake
the old custom. In the Age of Baroque, the tendency of the
altar shifting towards the East finally appeared to be
formally finished: the cross altar was removed from the
nave, and the High Altar and the liturgy room formed a
spatial unity. With the modern liturgy movement from 1909
the position of the altar began to move. The celebration
versus populum was practiced. The liturgy room was
centralized. The altar moved to the centre of the liturgy
room. The Second Vatican Council (1962/65) legitimated this
tendency. The altar became the centre of the liturgy room.
Many old churches received also a new altar, which was moved
closer to people, in the many great churches to the crossing
area. After the Second Vatican Council, the parish centres
were mainly built, the multifunctional room was promoted to
a liturgy room and the church was integrated in the centre
of the new settlements. The necessity of the church building
was being challenged. In midst of this situation, the sacral
church building is again revived. Beside the centralized
church buildings, longitudinal church buildings start
appearing. There are also new test models: an attempt to
change the locations for the liturgy of the word and the
liturgy of the Eucharist, the principle of the church as the
activity room and a new development of the liturgy room with
two focuses (altar and ambo) and an activity room in the
centre, which is an ellipse model for the church rooms. The
altar is a symbol for Christ and his act of the salvation.
It is the spiritual and artistic centre. Although, according
to the today's interpretation, the church does not need a
sacred room and every table can be used for the Holy
Communion, a correctly located altar in the liturgy room can
help the congregation to experience Christ and his work as
the centre of their lives.},
keywords = {Katholische Kirche (SWD) / Kirchenbau (SWD) / Presbyterium
<Architektur> (SWD) / Geschichte (SWD)},
cin = {200000},
ddc = {720},
cid = {$I:(DE-82)200000_20140620$},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
urn = {urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-8672},
url = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/59685},
}
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