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@PHDTHESIS{Wissel:61849,
      author       = {Wissel, Kurt Stephan},
      othercontributors = {Kneer, Reinhold},
      title        = {{L}asermessverfahren zur {B}estimmung von {G}eschwindigkeit
                      und {K}raftstoffverteilung bei motorischen
                      {E}inspritzvorgängen},
      address      = {Aachen},
      publisher    = {Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University},
      reportid     = {RWTH-CONV-123469},
      pages        = {XII, 184 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
      year         = {2006},
      note         = {Prüfungsjahr: 2006. - Publikationsjahr: 2007; Aachen,
                      Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2006},
      abstract     = {The penetration velocity of both the liquid and the gaseous
                      phase in a direct injection Diesel spray is determined via
                      Laser Flow Tagging (LFT) under atmospheric and elevated
                      pressure conditions. Furthermore, the application of LFT is
                      demonstrated for determination of droplet velocities under
                      realistic boundary conditions in a direct injection gasoline
                      engine. LFT in the liquid phase proves robust regarding
                      ambient conditions like oxygen concentration and ambient
                      pressure. However, the lifetime of the phosphorescence
                      signal and, therefore, the accuracy of this technique are
                      decreasing with increasing droplet temperature. This effect
                      is also observed for the application of LFT in the gas
                      phase. Here, the efficient quenching of the phosphorescence
                      by oxygen requires an essentially oxygen free environment.
                      The dynamic of a single measurement set-up is in the range
                      between 10 and 15 for the application in a Diesel spray. The
                      lower absolute limit is 10 m/s. The velocity directly at the
                      nozzle tip can be determined with a relative uncertainty of
                      less than $1\%,$ while the minimum error of measurement for
                      determination of the gas phase velocity on the center line
                      of the spray is about $8\%.$ The fuel distribution in an
                      optically accessible, direct injection gasoline engine is
                      investigated via Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF).
                      The air-fuel ratio can be determined directly using
                      simplifying assumptions and in-situ calibration measurements
                      with a homogeneous charge. Simultaneous detection of
                      elastically scattered light (Mie) and the fluorescence
                      signal allows for the extraction of the pure vapour phase
                      signal in these two phase mixtures. In this study the
                      potential of the strategy of split injection is
                      investigated, which is a suitable means for controlling the
                      cylinder charge, i.e. fuel distribution, and for the
                      reduction of particle emissions. It is demonstrated, that
                      the timing of the first injection is directly affecting both
                      the local air fuel ratio and the penetration of the injected
                      fuel. A homogeneous fuel distribution and low cycle-to-cycle
                      variations can be achieved via injecting the fuel early in
                      the engine cycle and a long injection duration, which is
                      usually achieved by a reduced fuel pressure. Furthermore, a
                      small amount of fuel introduced to the cylinder in the
                      second injection is usually sufficient to ensure
                      inflammation of the charge. Via multiple injection engine
                      load and ignition timing can be decoupled for a wide range
                      of operation parameters. Therefore, despite operation in the
                      upper range of part load conditions particle emissions can
                      be diminished effectively.},
      cin          = {412610},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)412610_20140620$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-18168},
      url          = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/61849},
}