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@PHDTHESIS{Ritter:699111,
      author       = {Ritter, Andreas},
      othercontributors = {Schnettler, Armin and Baumann, Martin},
      title        = {{S}trategien und {E}lektrodendesign für die
                      patientenindividuelle tumortherapeutische {A}nwendung der
                      {E}lektroporation},
      school       = {Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Aachen},
      reportid     = {RWTH-2017-08074},
      pages        = {1 Online-Ressource (ix, 199 Seiten) : Illustrationen,
                      Diagramme},
      year         = {2017},
      note         = {Veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen
                      University; Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische
                      Hochschule Aachen, 2017},
      abstract     = {With about 220000 cancer-related deaths per year, malignant
                      tumors are the second most common cause of death in Germany.
                      In case of operability, surgical resection of the primary
                      tumor and its metastases is the treatment of choice, but
                      this option is only available for a minority of patients
                      because of tumor spread and/or comorbidities.As an
                      alternative to chemotherapy, various minimally invasive
                      endovascular and percutaneous tumor treatments have gained
                      clinical acceptance. Widespread treatments are percutanoeus
                      thermal ablation procedures like radiofrequency ablation
                      (RFA) or microwave ablation (MWA), both using different
                      technologies to apply heat to destroy the tumor.Irreversible
                      electroporation (IRE) and electrochemotherapy (ECT) are two
                      new, innovative electroporation-based minimally-invasive
                      therapies for the treatment of cancer. Combining non-thermal
                      properties of IRE with local application of chemotherapy,
                      ECT is an established treatment modality for superficial
                      malignancies of the skin. Since the application of ECT in
                      solid organs is a promising approach, this dissertation
                      describes the development of a prototype applicator for ECT
                      in solid organs.For a better understanding of the effects
                      described above, an in vitro model for the medical
                      application of IRE has been developed. Multiple studies made
                      with this model provide information about the required
                      amount of electric field strength to ensure absolute cell
                      death in correlation to different cell lines.Using CAD
                      design and FEM computer simulations, a complete new
                      needle-shaped multipolar probe with telescopic electrodes
                      for percutaneous image-guided IRE as well as ECT in solid
                      organs has been developed. A fully functional prototype of
                      the applicator contains four expandable hollow electrodes in
                      a semicircular configuration used for both: interstitial
                      injection of the chemotherapeutic agent and generation of
                      the electric field.With the prototype it is possible to
                      place five independent electrodes doing a single stitch
                      only, which has major advantages for IRE (time of the
                      intervention, accuracy, risk of needle tract seeding).
                      Results of the first in vivo trials show an excellent
                      accordance of simulated and measured ablation volumes. The
                      promising results for ECT legitimate the redesign of an
                      multipole electroporation system to vary tumor coverage per
                      software, even after the electrodes were positioned. The
                      prototype already covers this concept and a hard- and
                      software design for this purpose is also included in this
                      dissertation.To rate the direct effects, a Q factor model
                      with weighting coefficients has been developed to optimize
                      the geometric and electric parameters dispassionately. In
                      clinical applications, this will enable the physician to
                      adapt the desired ablation zone to the patient individual 3D
                      tumor geometry. It is also possible, that an electroporator
                      will correct small deviations in the intended location of
                      each electrode, by adapting the potential of all electrodes
                      individually.To conclude, an integrated workflow for a
                      case-specific clinical application has been designed:
                      Patient-customized electroporation therapy (PACET).},
      cin          = {614210},
      ddc          = {621.3},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)614210_20140620$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      doi          = {10.18154/RWTH-2017-08074},
      url          = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/699111},
}