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@MISC{Haas:787143,
      author       = {Haas, Tim and Suarez, Ana Lia and Eickhoff, Moritz and
                      Pfeifer, Herbert},
      title        = {{T}owards a strong-sense validation benchmark database for
                      numerical ladle flow models - {D}atabase},
      reportid     = {RWTH-2020-03939},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {In numerical computation of ladle metallurgy, multiphase
                      models are essential. Still, these models are afflicted with
                      great uncertainty, making a validation with experimental
                      data mandatory. Validation experiments distinguish
                      fundamentally from deterministic experiments because
                      emphasis is on a complete documentation of all boundary
                      conditions and a detailed uncertainty assessment. For this
                      work, the experimental design for a comprehensive accuracy
                      assessment of numerical models and reported quantities were
                      jointly determined with international numerical experts. The
                      framework comprises a plume analysis and flow measurements
                      in the single- and multiphase region in a water model with
                      defined conditions. All influencing factors are extensively
                      documented and their contribution to the overall data
                      uncertainty is quantified. Detailed data is made publicly
                      available in a validation benchmark database for the
                      isothermal multiphase flow in the ladle. A first draft of a
                      standardized validation procedure including a single number
                      validation score is proposed. With the data provided, the
                      accuracy of numerical models can be quantified more
                      accurately and comparably, thus advancing its further
                      development. It also lays the foundations for a
                      standardization of the validation process, which can lead to
                      greater acceptance of numerical results.},
      cin          = {525110 / 520000},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)525110_20140620$ / $I:(DE-82)520000_20140620$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)32},
      doi          = {10.18154/RWTH-2020-03939},
      url          = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/787143},
}