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@PHDTHESIS{Tnnerhoff:794008,
      author       = {Tünnerhoff, Philipp Christian},
      othercontributors = {Schnettler, Armin and Tenbohlen, Stefan},
      title        = {{P}rotection of {VSC}-{HVDC} systems with mixed usage of
                      power cables and overhead lines},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen University},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Aachen},
      publisher    = {Verlagshaus Mainz},
      reportid     = {RWTH-2020-07341},
      isbn         = {978-3-95886-359-0},
      pages        = {1 Online-Ressource (viii, 118 Seiten) : Illustrationen,
                      Diagramme},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {Auch veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH
                      Aachen University; Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University,
                      2020},
      abstract     = {The integration of VSC-HVDC transmission systems into
                      existing AC grid structures is identified as a key solution
                      to increase the accessibility of remotely located renewable
                      generation. At the same time, realising new transmission
                      corridors is often confronted by public objection. In an
                      effort to reduce planning and commissioning processes,
                      transmission systems with mixed usage of power cables and
                      overhead lines are expected to assume an increasingly
                      important role in the future transmission grid. However,
                      several technical challenges still have to be addressed, in
                      particular the reliable, fast and selective handling of line
                      faults. Since line protection concepts proposed for VSC-HVDC
                      systems today typically only account for either pure cable
                      or pure overhead line transmission, a comprehensive
                      investigation of the transient fault behaviour in mixed
                      systems is needed to be able to assess and further develop
                      the existing methods. In this work, topological impact
                      factors on the voltage and current characteristics are
                      analysed based on electromagnetic transient simulations in
                      the time domain. As a result of travelling wave reflection
                      and transmission effects, which occur at every transition
                      point between a cable and an overhead line section, the
                      initial fault impacts at the transmission line ends and
                      segment interfaces can vary significantly depending on the
                      line topology and the fault location. On the one hand,
                      amplified wave fronts can cause increased voltage and
                      current stresses compared to pure cable or overhead line
                      systems. On the other hand, the initial fault effects at the
                      line terminations can be attenuated significantly without a
                      clear indication of travelling wave fronts. Since most of
                      the proposed fault detection and localisation methods rely
                      on an identification of steep voltage and current changes,
                      comprehensive line protection is no longer guaranteed. To
                      address these challenges, distributed voltage and current
                      measurements are introduced at the line transition points as
                      well as end-to-end and interface-to-end communication
                      channels to transmit the measurement data to the line ends.
                      On this foundation, additional voltage-based detection
                      criteria and a rate-of-change-of-current-based localisation
                      algorithm are incorporated into the protection concept,
                      along with further enhancements, e.g. for applications in
                      multi-terminal DC systems. The functionality and flexible
                      applicability of the developed methods is validated in
                      exemplary test systems pointing out the successful
                      detection, separation and localisation of faults in all of
                      the investigated scenarios.},
      cin          = {614210},
      ddc          = {621.3},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)614210_20140620$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      doi          = {10.18154/RWTH-2020-07341},
      url          = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/794008},
}