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@PHDTHESIS{Wesseling:817507,
author = {Wesseling, Mark Thomas},
othercontributors = {Müller, Dirk and Kriegel, Martin},
title = {{P}robabilistische {B}ewertung von {E}ntrauchungsanlagen;
1. {A}uflage},
volume = {87},
school = {RWTH Aachen University},
type = {Dissertation},
address = {Aachen},
publisher = {E.ON Energy Research Center, RWTH Aachen University},
reportid = {RWTH-2021-03977},
isbn = {978-3-948234-01-0},
series = {EBC, Energy efficient buildings and indoor climate},
pages = {1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme},
year = {2021},
note = {Druckausgabe: 2021. - Auch veröffentlicht auf dem
Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University; Dissertation,
RWTH Aachen University, 2020},
abstract = {There are many deaths worldwide from fires in buildings,
often caused by the resulting smoke. Smoke is not only a
respiratory poison; it also reduces visibility and thus
prevents people from finding their way out of the building.
Smoke and heat exhaust systems can be used to remove smoke
from the building in the event of a fire. These include the
natural smoke extraction systems (NSE), which transport the
smoke through roof openings using hydrostatic pressure, and
the mechanical smoke extraction systems (MSE), which are
operated by fans. The performance of the systems depends on
many boundary conditions. These are hardly predictable and
subject to large fluctuations, such as the weather.
According to the current state of the art, despite the
importance of the boundary conditions, their unstable nature
is not sufficiently considered in the building planning
process. To close this gap in the process, this thesis
presents a new simulative approach that considers the
boundary conditions and their realistic variations in the
calculation of performance criteria. For this purpose, a
flow simulation model for the CFD code Fire Dynamics
Simulator (FDS) is created and coupled with the Monte Carlo
method. The performed sensitivity analysis indicates that
different parameters for the description of the weather and
the source of the fire have a particularly large influence
on the performance criteria. The probabilistic simulation
model therefore includes the wind speed and direction as
well as the ambient temperature, the maximum heat release
rate, the fire development factor, the soot yield and the
position of the fire source with corresponding distribution
functions. To consider the wind at acceptable calculation
times, this model applies a decoupling of the environmental
simulation from the interior flow. This thesis performs a
Monte Carlo simulation with 1 000 parameter combinations for
a simple building geometry with a square base area. Two
simulations, testing the smoke control performance of NSE
and MSE respectively, are carried out for each parameter
combination. The simulations are not only an initial
application for the calculation tool but also a comparison
between NSE and MSE to determine the personal safety
provided by each. In the first six minutes after the start
of the fire, the personal safety in the interior is greater
with MSE as compared to NSE. Two minutes after the start of
a fire, there is still $100\%$ probability of safe
conditions for people with MSE; for those with NSE, it is
just $80\%.$ After the seventh minute, the selected
parameter limits confirm equal conditions for NSE and MSE,
in which a safe condition can be assumed in $50\%$ of the
cases.},
cin = {419510 / 080052},
ddc = {620},
cid = {$I:(DE-82)419510_20140620$ / $I:(DE-82)080052_20160101$},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
doi = {10.18154/RWTH-2021-03977},
url = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/817507},
}
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