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@PHDTHESIS{Pereira:835607,
author = {Pereira, Paulo Moreira},
othercontributors = {Rotte, Ralph and Siepmann, Helmut},
title = {{D}ie {B}eziehungen der portugiesischsprachigen {S}taaten
untereinander : gemeinsame {V}ergangenheit, gemeinsame
{Z}ukunft?},
school = {Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen},
type = {Dissertation},
address = {Aachen},
publisher = {RWTH Aachen University},
reportid = {RWTH-2021-10678},
pages = {1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten},
year = {2021},
note = {Veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen
University; Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische
Hochschule Aachen, 2021},
abstract = {There are nations all over the world that share a certain
cultural proximity and common history, despite being located
on different continents. On the international stage, these
shared characteristics play a significant role. As a result,
various theorists have attempted to analyse the impact these
shared characteristics have had not only on international
relations, but also on the world order. Some states have
close cultural and historical ties dating back to colonial
times, as evidenced primarily by their common or similar
languages. There are further cultural ties as religion,
legal systems, architecture, customs and habits among others
characteristics. It is often assumed that a certain
self-evident solidarity exists between these states, which
wouldn’t necessarily apply to third countries. In turn,
factors such as cultural proximity and shared history are
used to justify closer diplomatic relations and promote
probably stronger economic ties between these states.
Against this backdrop, this dissertation analyses the
bilateral relations between the eight different
Portuguese-speaking states. Angola, Brazil, Guinea-Bissau,
Cape Verde, Mozambique, Portugal, São Tomé and Príncipe,
and East Timor are countries that are connected in many
different ways, primarily as a result of Portugal's colonial
rule from the 15th century onward. Today, more than two
hundred and eighty million people live within these states,
representing approximately 3.7 percent of the world’s
population. To understand the current bilateral relations
between these states, it is important to examine their
colonial history, in addition to their history as
independent countries. Moreover, it is necessary to
elucidate Portugal's role as a colonial power, and later as
a former mother country, in order to understand the ties
that have developed between the respective countries. By
doing so, we will be able to determine the extent to which
their mutual ties were established and the impact these ties
have had and continue to have on their current relations.
The ties established between these states over the course of
time can be characterized by a number of different factors.
Most notably, involuntary and voluntary migratory flows have
been instrumental in solidifying these ties. Yet,
Portuguese-speaking states, despite sharing a common history
and cultural proximity, are in themselves quite
heterogeneous communities. Their modern-day ties with the
former metropolis, and with each other, have been shaped in
many different ways; this is largely due to the roles they
play in their respective regions. Furthermore, the countries
in question have been deeply impacted by post-war dynamics;
and they belonged to different allied groups of states from
the 1970s. With this in mind, this dissertation examines
whether factors such as historical ties and cultural
proximity played an important role in shaping their
respective foreign policies. Indeed, culture or cultural
proximity as a bridge between peoples has not always played
a positive role in shaping foreign policy. It was only in
the wake of 20th century decolonization efforts, accompanied
by a new understanding of the term ‘culture’, that
attempts to bring former mother countries and their former
colonies closer together have been made. To understand these
bilateral relations, it is crucial to examine the overall
role that culture has played in international relations.
From the 18th century onwards, culture has played a major
role in shaping international relations. The emergence of
the theory of evolution only exacerbated this trend. Up
until the beginning of the 20th century, culture and
cultural proximity was not seen as a feature that could
build bridges, but rather as something that divided groups
of people. Prior to the 20th century, the focus of European
colonial powers had been on establishing civilized
societies, as the colonized peoples were considered to be
uncivilized. It was not until after World War II and the
founding of the United Nations that the anthropological
approach, which views culture as a universal and diverse
phenomenon, gained traction. The perception that culture
affects everyone in the world led to intergovernmental
relations being recalibrated. Based in part on the notion of
cultural proximity, various international organizations
comprising former metropolises and their former colonies
were established. The objectives of these institutions vary.
One of these is the “Comunidade dos Países de Língua
Portuguesa” (in English: “Community of
Portuguese-speaking States”), which was founded in 1996.A
number of theories have addressed the role played by
cultural proximity and shared history in terms of their
impact on bilateral relations. Since the 1970s, in
particular, the debate on this issue has become increasingly
important. With the end of the Cold War, the topic received
even more attention in various analyses dealing with the new
world order. Authors, such as Samuel P. Huntington,
emphasized the increasingly important role played by
cultural proximity in terms of understanding future state
alliances. As early as the 1970s, it was Johan Galtung who
recognized the key role that culture plays when analysing
how power is exercised in intergovernmental relations. Other
scholars also drew on this topic to explore economic ties
and the process of democratization in various regions around
the world. With the aim of exploring the extent to which the
Portuguese-speaking states’ common past and cultural
proximity play a role in their bilateral relations, the
analyses contained in this dissertation have been based on
the book "Clash of Civilizations" by Samuel P. Huntington,
the gravity model, the effects of cultural proximity on
democratization, and the theory of structural imperialism.
The theories cited consider the topics of "cultural
proximity" and "common history" from various perspectives.
Last but not least, historical and economic data was
gathered and examined as a means to forecast how relations
between these states might develop in the future.},
cin = {771110},
ddc = {320},
cid = {$I:(DE-82)771110_20140620$},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
doi = {10.18154/RWTH-2021-10678},
url = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/835607},
}
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