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@PHDTHESIS{Shokoohimehr:836436,
      author       = {Shokoohimehr, Pegah},
      othercontributors = {Offenhäusser, Andreas and Fitter, Joerg},
      title        = {{N}anostraw- {N}anocavity {MEA}s as a new tool for
                      long-term and high sensitive recording of neuronal signals},
      volume       = {76},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen University},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {RWTH-2021-11307},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-593-2},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe
                      Information},
      pages        = {1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {Druckausgabe: 2021. - Onlineausgabe: 2021. - Auch
                      veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen
                      University 2022; Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2021},
      abstract     = {Electrical measurement of neuronal signals has enabled
                      fundamental discoveries in neuroscience. Patch clamp method
                      as a key standard of electrophysiological device has been
                      shown an access to the interior single cell using an
                      electrode. Via this method recording of the signals from the
                      entire spectrum of the membrane potentials, from action
                      potential down to sub-threshold signals such as post
                      synaptic potentials, is feasible. Due to the invasive nature
                      of this method, long term recording of the cell is
                      challenging. Extracellular electrodes, such as
                      microelectrode arrays, in contrast enable long term
                      recordings of neuronal networks. However, these electrodes
                      can only measure a fraction of the action potentials, which
                      is due to the lack of proper cell-electrode coupling and
                      high noise of the electrodes. Research in the last decade
                      has been focused on overcoming these limitations.
                      Development of the vertical 3D nanoelectrodes has allowed to
                      access the cell’s interior, however in most cases after
                      the application of external forces such as
                      opto/electro-poration, and therefore these transient methods
                      are not suitable for long term recordings.In this thesis, I
                      developed nanostructure microelectrodes by associating two
                      approaches of nanostraws and nanocavities. Using nanostraws
                      facilitate penetration to the cell membrane, and the
                      introduction of nanocavities provide high seal-resistance.
                      The spontaneous electrophysiological recording using our
                      nanoelectrodes demonstrate both extracellular and
                      intracellular $(20\%$ of cases) action potentials of
                      cortical rat neurons over long period of time. This approach
                      enables the continuous high signal to noise ratio recordings
                      with high sensitivity and the ability to record post
                      synaptic potentials. To further improve the spatial
                      resolution of neuronal network recordings, our
                      nanoelectrodes can be integrated to CMOS-devices, which is
                      of great interest for the neurophysiological studies.},
      cin          = {134210 / 130000},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)134210_20140620$ / $I:(DE-82)130000_20140620$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      doi          = {10.18154/RWTH-2021-11307},
      url          = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/836436},
}