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@PHDTHESIS{Mohseni:847266,
      author       = {Mohseni, Mojtaba},
      othercontributors = {Wessling, Matthias and van Hullebusch, Eric D.},
      title        = {{N}ovel freestanding carbons for micropollutants removal
                      through sustainable processes},
      volume       = {27 (2022)},
      school       = {Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Aachen},
      publisher    = {RWTH Aachen University},
      reportid     = {RWTH-2022-05200},
      series       = {Aachener Verfahrenstechnik Series AVT.CVT - Chemical
                      Process Engineering},
      pages        = {1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {Veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen
                      University; Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische
                      Hochschule Aachen, 2022},
      abstract     = {Nowadays, the occurrence of organic micropollutants (OMPs),
                      especially pharmaceuticals, in water bodies has caused
                      widespread concerns due to their negative impacts, e.g.,
                      bioaccumulating in living organisms and developing
                      antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes. On the other hand,
                      conventional wastewater treatment plants, including a main
                      biological step, fail to efficiently remove highly mobile
                      and recalcitrant pharmaceuticals, posing new challenges for
                      the clean water supply. This thesis introduces novel
                      freestanding carbons that can serve as an adsorbent, an
                      electrode, or both to remove OMPs via adsorption,
                      (electro-)Fenton-based oxidation, or a combination of them
                      in a so-called cyclic process, respectively. Such
                      self-standing carbon materials can facilely incorporate
                      different catalysts nanoparticles inside their structure.
                      Two self-standing carbon microtubes were synthesized using
                      carbon nanotubes (CNT) as the main constituent, mixed with
                      powdered activated carbons (PAC) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles to
                      serve as a micro-and mesoporous adsorbent (PAC/CNT
                      microtube) and a Fe-incorporated carbon electrode (Fe3O4
                      /CNT microtube), respectively. The addition of PAC to the
                      CNT matrix increased the specific surface area by
                      introducing micropores as high energy centers for OMPs
                      removal, especially at low equilibrium concentrations. A
                      temperature-assisted Fenton oxidation was proposed to
                      regenerate the SMX-saturated PAC/CNT microtube and reuse it
                      for 12 consecutive cycles. Compared to the room temperature
                      oxidation, the temperature-assisted Fenton showed an
                      enhanced regenerated capacity in each cycle and extended
                      durability of the adsorbent by mitigating the adsorption of
                      undesired compounds during the Fenton process. Fe3O4 /CNT
                      microtubes proved to degrade CBZ as an efficient cathode for
                      heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) with good reusability and
                      minimal catalysts leaching in acidic environments. Moreover,
                      as a green alternative to CNT-based carbons, a novel
                      synthesis method to fabricate monolithic carbons was
                      introduced using chitosan and sucrose as bio-based
                      precursors. Final monolithic carbons possess high specific
                      surface areas (up to 703 m2/g), a hierarchical porosity, and
                      nitrogen and oxygen as heteroatoms. Monolithic carbons
                      served as an adsorbent with adequate separation properties
                      to adsorb SMX, being comparable to commercial granular
                      carbons despite having 50 $\%$ less specific surface area.
                      Furthermore, cylindrical and tubular carbons were deployed
                      directly as electrodes and gas diffusion electrodes (GDE),
                      respectively. Next, successful incorporation of Fe3O4 into
                      bio-based carbons was carried out, and final Fe-containing
                      carbons were used as electrodes and GDEs and proved to
                      remove both SMX and CBZ and a mixture of them effectively at
                      pH 3 and 7.This thesis emphasizes the advantages of
                      self-standing carbons, with scaling-up perspectives, to
                      develop efficient, more sustainable, and cost-effective
                      processes for clean water supply and pave the way for
                      implementing tangible (micro) tubular reactors.},
      cin          = {416110},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)416110_20140620$},
      pnm          = {SuPER-W - Sustainable Product, Energy and Resource Recovery
                      from Wastewater (676070)},
      pid          = {G:(EU-Grant)676070},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      doi          = {10.18154/RWTH-2022-05200},
      url          = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/847266},
}