h1

% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@PHDTHESIS{Jankowiak:856425,
      author       = {Jankowiak, Kathrin},
      othercontributors = {Kraus, Thomas and Lampert, Angelika},
      title        = {{E}xperimental und environmental factors influencing human
                      perception of direct current-, alternating current-, and
                      hybrid electric fields},
      school       = {Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Aachen},
      publisher    = {RWTH Aachen University},
      reportid     = {RWTH-2022-10872},
      pages        = {1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {Veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen
                      University 2023; Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische
                      Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2022, Kumulative Dissertation},
      abstract     = {This dissertation project includes the investigation of
                      human perception of direct current (DC) electric fields
                      (EFs), alternating current (AC) EFs, and the combination of
                      both field types (hybrid EFs). As part of the ongoing global
                      energy transition, new challenges appear, such as higher
                      needs for efficient long-distance energy transmission.
                      Meeting these needs, in Germany, new high-voltage DC (HVDC)
                      overhead power lines are in planning. Additionally, HVDC
                      lines will be mounted on existing HVAC structures, leading
                      to hybrid EFs. Because the distance between planned overhead
                      lines and residential areas is partially reduced, the
                      investigation of the human-technology interaction is of
                      great interest. However, human perception of DC EFs and
                      hybrid EFs have been targeted in only a few studies.
                      Moreover, no national or international agency has proposed
                      limit values for hybrid EFs. According to the current state
                      of research, there are no adverse health effects caused by
                      EF exposure in humans or animals. Nevertheless, humans are
                      reliably able to perceive EFs. Within an experimental
                      pre-study, we found various and individually different
                      cutaneous sensations: Participants frequently reported a
                      pleasurable tingling or slight vibration, whereby DC EFs
                      were primarily perceived in the head area and AC EFs at the
                      extremities. In our highly sophisticated exposure
                      laboratory, we exposed eleven participants to EF strengths
                      with a maximum of 50 kV/m (DC and hybrid) or 30 kV/m (AC).
                      Using an adaptive staircase approach and methods based on
                      the signal detection theory (SDT), we estimated averaged
                      detection thresholds (DC: 23.4 kV/m; AC: 16.9 kV/m; Hybrid:
                      11.4 kV/m). Relative humidity could be identified as
                      environmental factor influencing the perception of EFs in
                      different ways: DC EF exposure could be better perceived
                      under high relative humidity condition $(70\%),$ whereas the
                      perception of AC EF seemed to be facilitated by a low
                      relative humidity $(30\%).$ Additionally, the optimal
                      configurations of several experimental factors were
                      determined and could be used in follow-up studies. Since
                      both the duration of EF increasing and the duration of EF
                      exposure did not influence participants´ performance, short
                      periods could help to reduce potential fatigue effects of
                      participants. In a follow-up study, we focused on the human
                      perception of very low hybrid EFs and the influence of the
                      AC component on the perception thresholds. With this aim, 51
                      participants, who showed a hybrid EF detection ability above
                      average in our previous study, were exposed to total EF
                      strengths from 1.41 kV/m (1 kV/m DC and 1 kV/m AC) to 16.49
                      kV/m (16 kV/m DC and 4 kV/m AC). Using a double-blind
                      experimental set-up and a psychophysical method based on the
                      SDT, we found averaged detection thresholds that were lower
                      with increased AC EF strengths, showing a significant
                      influence of the AC component on the total EF detection
                      thresholds. Furthermore, at least one participant was able
                      to perceive the lowest EF strength combination of 1 kV/m DC
                      and 1 kV/m AC, underlining the human sensitivity to hybrid
                      EFs. Along with data from other studies, these results are
                      useful to the setting of future limit values for hybrid EF
                      exposure. Moreover, our data will help to prevent unwanted
                      EF perception in nature and contribute to the optimal
                      construction of future overhead power lines.},
      cin          = {922110},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)521001-2_20140620$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      doi          = {10.18154/RWTH-2022-10872},
      url          = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/856425},
}