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@PHDTHESIS{Kumnorkaew:951588,
      author       = {Kumnorkaew, Theerawat},
      othercontributors = {Bleck, Wolfgang and Lian, Junhe},
      title        = {{U}nderstanding and improving thermodynamic stability of
                      austenite in low carbon carbide free bainitic steels via
                      ausforming process},
      school       = {Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Aachen},
      publisher    = {RWTH Aachen University},
      reportid     = {RWTH-2023-02072},
      pages        = {1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {Veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen
                      University; Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische
                      Hochschule Aachen, 2023},
      abstract     = {Carbide-free bainitic (CFB) steel has become a new
                      forefront of advanced high-strength steels owing to their
                      outstanding balance in mechanical properties. Due to a
                      thermodynamic instability of austenite in low carbon CFB
                      steels, formations of only primary phase bainitic ferrite
                      and secondary carbon enriched retained austenite phase are
                      impracticable. The untransformed austenite at high
                      temperatures could partially transform into fresh martensite
                      during cooling operation, depending on the local carbon
                      concentration in the austenite. A general consequence is
                      that an excessive formation of fresh martensite may
                      deteriorate ductility, despite the enhanced strength of the
                      steel. Thus, controlling the thermodynamic stability of
                      austenite has been a challenging issue in developing
                      low-carbon carbide-free bainitic (CFB) steels, besides
                      increasing mean carbon content and chemical compositions.
                      Ausforming as a thermomechanical heat treatment process is
                      applied to compromise the formation of fresh martensite and
                      to balance the phase constituent of the steels. This process
                      combines plastic deformation of the untransformed austenite
                      with the conventional process of isothermal heat treatment.
                      Parameters of ausforming, such as deformation temperature,
                      strain, and strain rate, are of significant importance in
                      defining appropriate conditions for desirable
                      microstructures and mechanical properties. The correlation
                      between the ausforming conditions throughout the kinetics
                      behavior of isothermal bainitic transformation, factors
                      inherent in the martensite transformation, hardness, and
                      tensile properties have been established. A unified
                      physics-based model has been developed based on nucleation
                      rate theory to provide a better understanding of how
                      ausforming influences the variations of activation energy,
                      corresponding driving energy, and the evolution of carbon
                      enrichment in austenite. In addition, the impact of the
                      chemical compositions has been conducted to reveal a
                      limitation of ausforming with respect to the deformation
                      strain on improving the thermodynamic stability of austenite
                      against the formation of fresh martensite. Throughout the
                      dissertation, a systematic investigation in heterogeneous
                      microstructure and mechanical properties subjected to
                      ausforming conditions allows for establishing advanced
                      high-strength steels with reasonable hardness and improved
                      strength and ductility.},
      cin          = {522110 / 520000},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)522110_20180901$ / $I:(DE-82)520000_20140620$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      doi          = {10.18154/RWTH-2023-02072},
      url          = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/951588},
}