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@PHDTHESIS{Kiefer:968610,
      author       = {Kiefer, Christian Matthias},
      othercontributors = {Shah, Nadim Joni and Grün, Sonja Annemarie and Steland,
                          Ansgar},
      title        = {{V}isual processing of naturalistic images: free viewing,
                      guided visual searching, and memorization},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen University},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Aachen},
      publisher    = {RWTH Aachen University},
      reportid     = {RWTH-2023-08679},
      pages        = {1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {Veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen
                      University; Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2023},
      abstract     = {Under natural conditions, eye movements are used to
                      actively gather visual information from the environment, a
                      process referred to as ‘active vision’. Despite active
                      vision forming the basis for visual exploration in everyday
                      life, research has often focused on simplified, artificial
                      scenarios with restricted eye movements. As a result, the
                      mechanisms underlying active vision remain comparatively
                      unexplored. Particularly, it is unclear how goal-directed
                      behavior such as during the search for a particular object
                      influences the visual processing during active vision. In
                      this dissertation, three distinct modes of active vision
                      were investigated in a study of 31 subjects: performing a
                      guided visual search and memorizing objects were compared to
                      the free viewing of naturalistic images.
                      Magnetoencephalography was used in conjunction with an
                      eye-tracking system to simultaneously record the brain
                      activity and the eye movements during the tasks while the
                      subjects were viewing naturalistic images with embedded
                      objects. To answer the question of how visual processing is
                      affected by goal-directed behavior, causal interactions in
                      the brain were compared for the free viewing and the visual
                      searching tasks. First, regions of interest exhibiting
                      significant fixation-related evoked activity were determined
                      using spatiotemporal cluster permutation testing. Then,
                      using generalized partial directed coherence, the
                      whole-brain causality networks between these regions were
                      computed. Four regions, namely the supramarginal gyrus, the
                      superior temporal gyrus, the transverse temporal gyri, and
                      the posterior insula, formed during free viewing a cluster
                      in both hemispheres that was highly inter-connected. A
                      near-identical cluster emerged during searching in the right
                      hemisphere with the right supramarginal gyrus as a central
                      node in the network. Based on the results, all four regions
                      are likely involved in guiding attention and visual
                      processing. Specifically, the right supramarginal gyrus
                      might be involved in the integration of visual input related
                      to objects. Furthermore, it might provide the supplementary
                      eye field with information for the purpose of updating the
                      search priority map, which guides the eye movements towards
                      the search target. Finally, the random convolutional kernel
                      transformation (ROCKET) classifier for time series was
                      applied to the fixation-related evoked activity of object
                      fixations performed during the memorization and the free
                      viewing tasks. It was possible to classify unseen fixation
                      data based on the task with $93\%$ accuracy. Furthermore,
                      with the same method it was also possible to differentiate
                      between subjects based on resting-state recordings with
                      $93\%$ accuracy. This appears to be the first proof of
                      concept that neuronal fingerprinting can be achieved
                      directly on time series data using ROCKET.},
      cin          = {535000-5 ; 934020 ; 934010 / 130000},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)535000-5_20140620$ / $I:(DE-82)130000_20140620$},
      pnm          = {DFG project 491111487 - Open-Access-Publikationskosten /
                      2022 - 2024 / Forschungszentrum Jülich (OAPKFZJ)
                      (491111487) / GRK 2416 - GRK 2416: MultiSenses-MultiScales:
                      Neue Ansätze zur Aufklärung neuronaler multisensorischer
                      Integration (368482240) / HBP SGA3 - Human Brain Project
                      Specific Grant Agreement 3 (945539) / HMC - Helmholz
                      Metadata Collaboration $(HMC_20200306)$ / JL SMHB - Joint
                      Lab Supercomputing and Modeling for the Human Brain (JL
                      SMHB-2021-2027)},
      pid          = {G:(GEPRIS)491111487 / G:(GEPRIS)368482240 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)945539 / $G:(DE-HGF)HMC_20200306$ /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)JL SMHB-2021-2027},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      doi          = {10.18154/RWTH-2023-08679},
      url          = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/968610},
}