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@PHDTHESIS{Breuer:988414,
author = {Breuer, Janos Lucian},
othercontributors = {Stolten, Detlef and Lauster, Michael},
title = {{S}enkung zukünftiger {S}tickoxid- und
{P}artikelemissionen in {N}ordrhein-{W}estfalen durch den
{E}insatz alternativer {E}nergieträger und {A}ntriebe},
volume = {632},
school = {RWTH Aachen University},
type = {Dissertation},
address = {Jülich},
publisher = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
reportid = {RWTH-2024-06164},
isbn = {978-3-95806-760-8},
series = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe Energie
$\&$ Umwelt = Energy $\&$ environment},
pages = {1 Online-Ressource (vii, 339 Seiten) : Diagramme, Karten},
year = {2024},
note = {Druckausgabe: 2024. - Onlineausgabe: 2024. - Auch
veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen
University; Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2024},
abstract = {This thesis aims to answer the research question of how
alternative fuels and powertrains can reduce nitrogen oxide
(NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions in hotspots. The
thesis proposes a new spatial bottom-up model that computes
mileages and local pollutants of road transport, inland
waterway transport, rail transport and air transport for
North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) as representative case study.
The model is organised in sub-modules. For instance, one
module determines mileages and transport performances for
each section of the transport networks using timetables,
flight schedules, data from the Federal Statistical Office
and a developed statistical model. Another module calculates
emissions on each network section taking different vehicle
classes, vehicle sizes, emission technologies, powertrains
and fuels into account. Finally, a novel module balances
emissions in urban areas for a following analysis. Besides
the calculation of current emissions, several scenarios for
future developments of the transport sector and their
emissions were considered in the case study. Boundary
conditions for future scenarios were set using forecasts of
traffic performances for inland waterway transport and air
transport, a developed model approach for forecasting road
transport mileages, and devised approaches for determining
fleet developments. The assumption for the reference
scenarios was the continuation of using conventional fuels.
The other tested scenarios included various alternative fuel
options and powertrains, which were selected based on a
novel methodology for selecting promising future fuel
options. More specifically, the fuel options for road
transport were Fischer-Tropsch diesel/ hydrogenated
vegetable oil, Methanol to Gasoline, natural gas, dimethyl
ether, hydrogen in fuel cells and electric power. Meanwhile,
the fuel options for inland waterway transport were natural
gas as well as hydrogen in fuel cells and internal
combustion engines and for avitation the fuel option was
Fischer-Tropsch kerosene. These and the reference scenarios
were simulated with the proposed model. The result of the
case study was that the urban areas of Aachen and Wuppertal
as well as urban areas in Rhine and Ruhr regions are the
most critical current emission hotspots in North Rhine-
Westphalia. Road transport currently accounts for the
largest share of pollutants emitted in emission hotspots.
Inland navigation shows moderately high shares in current
NOx and PM2.5 emissions in the vicinity of the Rhine, while
rail transport is only responsible for larger shares of the
less harmful PM10 emissions due to abrasion. Air transport
only produces a moderately high share of emissions in the
vicinity of the international airport Düsseldorf. The
results of this work already show a strong and respectively
moderate reduction in combustionrelated emissions from road
and inland waterway transport for further utilization of
conventional fuels, whereas those from air transport
increase slightly. Overall, this will lead to a future
easing of NOx emissions away from the Rhine region and the
airports of Cologne and Düsseldorf. Furthermore, the share
and significance of abrasion-related PM emissions will
increase strongly in the future. In the short term, the with
existing vehicles compatible drop-in fuels Fischer-Tropsch
diesel and Fischer-Tropsch kerosene have a high reduction
potential. However, it will be mandatory to switch to
hydrogen- or electricity-based powertrains in the long term
for larger emission reductions. When discussing these
results, it became clear, that the low technology readiness
level of alternative low emission propulsion systems for
inland waterway transport and air transport is critical.
Moreover, guidelines for abrasion emissions are needed to
encourage the state of research on these. It is still an
open question how a large market share of electric vehicles
will affect local abrasion emissions. In conclusion, the
results of this work are a robust basis for devising
strategies for air pollution control in current emission
hotspots and a further criterion for the selection of
promising future fuels and powertrains.},
cin = {413010},
ddc = {620},
cid = {$I:(DE-82)413010_20140620$},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
urn = {urn:nbn:de:hbz:5:2-1354866},
doi = {10.18154/RWTH-2024-06164},
url = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/988414},
}
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