guest ::
TY - THES AU - Sodnomdarjaa, Enkhjargal TI - ‟Assessment of soil erosion, contamination, and rehabilitation potential in Mongolian mining regions: a case study in the Erdenet copper and molybdenum, and Baganuur coal mining areas” PB - Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen VL - Dissertation CY - Aachen M1 - RWTH-2024-06396 SP - 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen PY - 2024 N1 - Veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University 2025 N1 - Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2024 AB - Mining plays a vital role in Mongolia’s economy, contributing significantly to export revenue. However, this economic benefit often comes at the cost of environmental degradation, particularly in regions surrounding major mining sites like the Baganuur lignite mine and the Erdenet copper-molybdenum mine. This study examines into the long-term impacts of mining on soil erosion and contamination in Mongolia’s semi-arid steppe zones, aiming to provide insights into the extent of degradation and propose strategies for mitigation and rehabilitation. The study quantifies soil erosion rates in mining regions utilizing the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model, remote sensing data, and ground truth observations spanning nearly three decades (1989-2018). Results show a clear correlation between rainfall erosivity and soil erosion, particularly noting peak erosion in July 2018 in both study areas reaching 7.88 t ha-1month-1 in the Erdenet area and 9.46 t ha-1month-1 in the Baganuur area. Additionally, the spatial distribution of erosion underscores localized impacts near mining sites and adjacent industrial zones. In addition erosion due to mining activities have led to soil contamination with Heavy Metals and Metalloids (HMM), posing ecological and health risks. Various indices such as the Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index (PIN), and Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) are used to assess contamination levels of the soils. Findings reveal elevated concentrations of elements such as Zn and As in Baganuur mining area and elevated concentrations of Cu, Cr, and Zn in Erdenet mining area. This concentrations exceed Maximum Permissible Level (MPL) of Mongolian Soil quality standard (MNS 5850:2019), particularly in proximity to mining and industrial areas. This underscores the urgent need for soil rehabilitation initiatives to mitigate environmental and health hazards. Beyond soil degradation, mining activities have broader environmental and socioeconomic consequences. The study evaluates these impacts, emphasizing the importance of science-based rehabilitation plans and robust implementation of environmental regulations aligned with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). Continuous environmental assessments and rehabilitation initiatives are supported to ensure the long-term sustainability of Mongolia’s mining sector, safeguarding both natural ecosystems and local communities. Based on the study findings, several recommendations emerge for mitigating soil degradation and promoting sustainable mining practices in Mongolia. These include: - Implementation of erosion control measures, such as vegetative cover and terracing, to reduce soil erosion rates in mining regions. - Adoption of soil remediation techniques, including phytoremediation and chemical stabilization, to address soil contamination and restore ecosystem health.-Strengthening of environmental regulations and enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance with national standards and promote responsible mining practices. - Integration of environmental considerations into mine planning and operation processes, emphasizing the importance of continues environmental impact assessments and monitoring. By comprehensively understanding the drivers and consequences of soil erosion and contamination, stakeholders such as mining companies, government agencies, local communities, and environmental organizations can collaboratively devise and implement effective mitigation and rehabilitation strategies. This concerted effort aims to ensure the long-term sustainability of Mongolia’s mining sector and the well-being of its inhabitants and wildlife, all while promoting sustainable development. LB - PUB:(DE-HGF)11 DO - DOI:10.18154/RWTH-2024-06396 UR - https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/988789 ER -