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@PHDTHESIS{Eckel:991821,
      author       = {Eckel, Hans-Martin},
      othercontributors = {Brecher, Christian and Jacobs, Georg},
      title        = {{K}inematische {A}nalyse von {S}pindellagern unter
                      statischen und dynamischen {K}räften; 1. {A}uflage},
      volume       = {2024,20},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen University},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Aachen},
      publisher    = {Apprimus Verlag},
      reportid     = {RWTH-2024-07913},
      isbn         = {978-3-98555-226-9},
      series       = {Ergebnisse aus der Produktionstechnik},
      pages        = {1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {Druckausgabe: 2024. - Auch veröffentlicht auf dem
                      Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University; Dissertation,
                      RWTH Aachen University, 2024},
      abstract     = {In modern main spindles, the bearings are subjected to high
                      loads due to high machining forces and speeds. The
                      calculated design of the spindle bearings with regard to
                      their mechanical and kinematic loads indicates the load
                      limits of the spindle. The analysis of ball kinematics with
                      the methods of quasi-static rolling bearing calculation used
                      in practice is still associated with high uncertainties. The
                      calculated kinematics often limits the specifiable load on
                      the spindle and thus its permissible performance due to the
                      so-called ball advance and retardation. Observations from
                      practice, on the other hand, often show reliable operation,
                      even with loads that are not permitted by the calculation.
                      This research work therefore analyzes experimentally and
                      simulatively the load on spindle bearings as well as the
                      resulting ball kinematics under practical load parameters as
                      a contribution to an improved bearing design. For a holistic
                      analysis of the spindle bearing loads, various measuring
                      systems are presented with which the load acting on the
                      bearing and the orbital movement of the balls and the cage
                      can be recorded. The system for measuring the orbital ball
                      movement is a central new development. This system is based
                      on the principle of a light barrier using the transmitted
                      light method, in which the balls switch the light barrier.
                      Several sensors arranged around the bearing circumference
                      allow continuous monitoring of the ball movement even at
                      high rotational speeds. The good integrability of the
                      measuring systems enables them to be used in test benches
                      and main spindles for measurement under practical loads. In
                      the methodical part, calculation methods are presented that
                      determine the load in the bearings based on the measured
                      shaft displacement. For this purpose, the measured shaft
                      displacement is projected onto the bearings using a spindle
                      model with an elastic shaft, taking dynamic vibration modes
                      into account. The resulting loads in the rolling contacts of
                      the bearings are determined using the methods of
                      quasi-static rolling bearing calculation. These loads serve
                      as input variables for a dynamic calculation approach that
                      considers the kinematics and kinetics of the balls as well
                      as the shear forces that can be transmitted via the
                      lubricant. This enables the calculation of varying ball
                      speeds under the influence of radial and moment loads. The
                      application of the measuring systems and calculation methods
                      in the experimental part shows the development of the ball
                      advance and retardation under numerous load parameters in
                      test rigs and main spindles. Contrary to the calculation
                      approaches according to the quasi-static design, the
                      measured ball speed shows a significantly lower modulation,
                      so that the ball advance and retardation are also
                      significantly lower than predicted. The developed dynamic
                      method, on the other hand, describes the ball speed with
                      improved accuracy. Dynamic loads show no significant
                      influence on the formation of ball speeds either in the test
                      rig or in the spindle during machining.},
      cin          = {417310 / 417200},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)417310_20140620$ / $I:(DE-82)417200_20140620$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      doi          = {10.18154/RWTH-2024-07913},
      url          = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/991821},
}