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@PHDTHESIS{Schoone:994586,
author = {Schoone, Sunny},
othercontributors = {Clausen, Elisabeth and Langefeld, Oliver},
title = {{B}eitrag zur {A}utomatisierung und {D}igitalisierung im
primären {R}ohstoffbereich : {E}ntwicklung eines
{K}onzeptes für die {M}aterialstromcharakterisierung im
{A}rbeitsumfeld des {T}iefseebergbaus; 1. {A}uflage},
volume = {110},
school = {RWTH Aachen University},
type = {Dissertation},
address = {Aachen},
publisher = {Verlag R. Zillekens},
reportid = {RWTH-2024-09398},
isbn = {978-3-941277-53-3},
series = {Aachener Schriften zur Rohstoff- und Entsorgungstechnik},
pages = {1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen},
year = {2024},
note = {Druckausgabe: 2024. - Auch veröffentlicht auf dem
Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University 2025;
Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2024},
abstract = {Deep-sea mining can help to secure the current and future
increasing demand for raw materials. One focus here is on
the commercial realisation of polymetallic nodule
extraction, which would make many critical high-performance
metals available to industry. Within this thesis, a task
from the field of polymetallic nodule extraction was dealt
with in deep-sea mining. The realisation of polymetallic
nodule extraction is subject to many requirements that can
only be implemented using innovative technologies due to the
deep-sea environment. This includes the detection and
characterisation of multiphase hydraulic pipe-supported mass
flows within the seabed mining machine. This specific
requirement is to be met with the help of a sensor
technology designed for this application. By taking a closer
look at the topic of deep-sea mining, the economic drivers
and limiting factors of polymetallic nodule extraction are
highlighted. This also implies existing potentials and the
biological, physical and geological characteristics. The
planned technological extraction of polymetallic nodule
deposits, which is based on the principles of flow
conveyance technology, includes environmental and
process-related influencing factors that define a broad
spectrum of requirements. In particular, the recording and
characterisation of pipe-supported multiphase material flows
during extraction can contribute to safe and optimised
process control and the requirements for such a system are
worked out via the resulting research question for
development. Comparing the possibilities of process analysis
and the current state of the art for the characterisation of
multiphase material flows, an inline measurement system
based on a separate phenomenon of structure-borne sound
(acoustic emission) was selected. Such a measurement system
has not yet been realised in this context. One question to
be addressed for the implementation is how the given
physical and mechanical requirements of deep-sea mining
affect the sensor system to be implemented. The application
of the sensor within a sensor housing is an atypical
realisation and implies a translational influence component
on the acoustic emission technology to be investigated. The
individual segments of the measurement chain, which were
designed to meet the requirements using simulations and load
tests, were validated for their suitability in several
laboratory tests and a suitable physical application of the
measurement technology was developed. A large amount of
measurement data can be recorded using inline application of
acoustic emission technology. To answer the question of
material characterisation of a pipe-supported multiphase
material flow, a separate data utilisation concept was
developed within several laboratory tests. This approach
enables the separate recording of constant signal curves
generated by friction and individual phenomena of the
inhomogeneous components of the flow caused by impact.
Different loads on the constant homogeneous phase with
seabed fine sediments (homogeneous phase) are mathematically
related to the resulting pipe friction. This allowed the
different homogeneous phases to be differentiated in the
sensor data. Coarse grains (inhomogeneous phase) are also
characterised in a step-by-step data analysis. This resulted
in qualitative limitations, which can be remedied by further
developing the data utilisation concept. Overall, the
combination of the measurement concept with the data
utilisation concept fulfilled many of the requirements. In
this context, the aspect of real application must be
critically evaluated. All the investigations listed in this
paper were carried out in a laboratory environment and must
be validated in a real environment in the further course of
the development of polymetallic nodule extraction. Through
research in special research fields such as extreme mining -
deep sea mining, innovative technologies are developed that
can also lead to an extended application. This means that
the developed concept can be used in related extraction or
transport processes with adaptations. This includes the use
for inline analysis of hydraulic multiphase mass flows in
areas such as the wet extraction of raw materials (dredging,
lithium mining), the monitoring of hydraulic displacement in
mining or the quality control of hydraulic product flows
(e.g. copper granulate, sand production) and the monitoring
of pipe-supported liquid transport flows (copper mining,
gas, oil). In this way, a contribution was made to the use
of innovative sensor technologies for material flow
characterisation in the raw materials industry.},
cin = {513310 / 510000},
ddc = {620},
cid = {$I:(DE-82)513310_20180515$ / $I:(DE-82)510000_20140620$},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
doi = {10.18154/RWTH-2024-09398},
url = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/994586},
}
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