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@PHDTHESIS{Wings:767823,
      author       = {Wings, Tina Katrin},
      othercontributors = {Dott, Wolfgang and Schirawski, Jan},
      title        = {{C}harakterisierung landwirtschaftlicher {A}bwässer im
                      {H}inblick auf mikrobiologische {R}isikofaktoren zur
                      {B}eurteilung des {E}influsses von {B}iogasanlagen,
                      insbesondere ihrer {B}arrierefunktion, auf {F}örderung und
                      {V}erbreitung von {R}esistenzgenen sowie resistenter und
                      pathogener {B}akterien},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen University},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Aachen},
      reportid     = {RWTH-2019-09081},
      pages        = {1 Online-Ressource (vi, 156 Seiten) : Illustrationen,
                      Diagramme},
      year         = {2017},
      note         = {Veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen
                      University 2019; Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2017},
      abstract     = {Continuous expansion and intensification of livestock
                      farming facilitates large quantities of agricultural waste
                      which in turn are released into the environment. The
                      application of untreated manure on agricultural land,
                      however, in addition to a valuable nutrient supply,
                      constitutes a direct pathway for veterinary pharmacological
                      trace substances, heavy metal residues, pathogenic and
                      resistant microorganisms and into soil, groundwater and
                      surface water. This study examines the distribution and
                      persistence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG),
                      resistant and potentially pathogenic microorganisms and
                      heavy metals with antibiotic properties in agricultural
                      effluents ascertaining the risk of manure spreading on
                      farmland and the sanitizing or rather retaining potential of
                      biogas plants. 15 biogas plants were examined in a screening
                      of random samples in 2012 of which three plants were
                      monitored over the annual cycle in 2013 with five sampling
                      times. Continuous flow fermenters were investigated under
                      defined addition of antibiotics (AB) in the first half of
                      the experiment against a control fermenter over a total
                      period of 60 days. Micro- and molecular biological
                      approaches show a generally low prevalence of anaerobic
                      pathogenic bacteria as well as a reduction of cultivatable
                      bacteria through the process of biogas production, including
                      clinically relevant organisms of Enterobacteriaceae and
                      Enterococcaceae without promoting anaerobic spore forming
                      pathogens. Isolates show a decreasing diversity and the
                      reduction of gram negative bacteria in the output samples
                      and a shift of the bacterial community in favor of the
                      phylum Firmicutes. Although antibiotic resistance genes
                      (ARG) can be quantified both ubiquitous in manure and
                      digestate, a decline of resistant bacteria and ARG can be
                      detected after fermentation. However, the quantitative
                      analysis also illustrates biogas plant and ARG specific
                      levels and reduction efficiencies between 80 $\%$ and 30
                      $\%.$ With decreasing frequency and a correspondingly
                      decreased reduction sul2, tet M, tetA and lowest in copy
                      number tetO occur in all systems. Heavy metals with
                      antimicrobial activity are equally determined in solid
                      samples of input and output with a significant prevalence of
                      copper and zinc. While copper is detectable with 30 $\%$ in
                      the aqueous effluent of most samples zinc hardly shows
                      aqueous availability. Ultimately, the process of biogas
                      production demonstrates a promising sanitizing effect for
                      the containment of microbiological and pharmacological
                      pollutants in agricultural effluent even if further measures
                      like the effective change and control of agricultural
                      practices are needed to eliminate environmental and health
                      hazards from the agricultural sector.},
      cin          = {521000-2 / 160000},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)521000-2_20140620$ / $I:(DE-82)160000_20140620$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      doi          = {10.18154/RWTH-2019-09081},
      url          = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/767823},
}