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@PHDTHESIS{Wings:767823,
author = {Wings, Tina Katrin},
othercontributors = {Dott, Wolfgang and Schirawski, Jan},
title = {{C}harakterisierung landwirtschaftlicher {A}bwässer im
{H}inblick auf mikrobiologische {R}isikofaktoren zur
{B}eurteilung des {E}influsses von {B}iogasanlagen,
insbesondere ihrer {B}arrierefunktion, auf {F}örderung und
{V}erbreitung von {R}esistenzgenen sowie resistenter und
pathogener {B}akterien},
school = {RWTH Aachen University},
type = {Dissertation},
address = {Aachen},
reportid = {RWTH-2019-09081},
pages = {1 Online-Ressource (vi, 156 Seiten) : Illustrationen,
Diagramme},
year = {2017},
note = {Veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen
University 2019; Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2017},
abstract = {Continuous expansion and intensification of livestock
farming facilitates large quantities of agricultural waste
which in turn are released into the environment. The
application of untreated manure on agricultural land,
however, in addition to a valuable nutrient supply,
constitutes a direct pathway for veterinary pharmacological
trace substances, heavy metal residues, pathogenic and
resistant microorganisms and into soil, groundwater and
surface water. This study examines the distribution and
persistence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG),
resistant and potentially pathogenic microorganisms and
heavy metals with antibiotic properties in agricultural
effluents ascertaining the risk of manure spreading on
farmland and the sanitizing or rather retaining potential of
biogas plants. 15 biogas plants were examined in a screening
of random samples in 2012 of which three plants were
monitored over the annual cycle in 2013 with five sampling
times. Continuous flow fermenters were investigated under
defined addition of antibiotics (AB) in the first half of
the experiment against a control fermenter over a total
period of 60 days. Micro- and molecular biological
approaches show a generally low prevalence of anaerobic
pathogenic bacteria as well as a reduction of cultivatable
bacteria through the process of biogas production, including
clinically relevant organisms of Enterobacteriaceae and
Enterococcaceae without promoting anaerobic spore forming
pathogens. Isolates show a decreasing diversity and the
reduction of gram negative bacteria in the output samples
and a shift of the bacterial community in favor of the
phylum Firmicutes. Although antibiotic resistance genes
(ARG) can be quantified both ubiquitous in manure and
digestate, a decline of resistant bacteria and ARG can be
detected after fermentation. However, the quantitative
analysis also illustrates biogas plant and ARG specific
levels and reduction efficiencies between 80 $\%$ and 30
$\%.$ With decreasing frequency and a correspondingly
decreased reduction sul2, tet M, tetA and lowest in copy
number tetO occur in all systems. Heavy metals with
antimicrobial activity are equally determined in solid
samples of input and output with a significant prevalence of
copper and zinc. While copper is detectable with 30 $\%$ in
the aqueous effluent of most samples zinc hardly shows
aqueous availability. Ultimately, the process of biogas
production demonstrates a promising sanitizing effect for
the containment of microbiological and pharmacological
pollutants in agricultural effluent even if further measures
like the effective change and control of agricultural
practices are needed to eliminate environmental and health
hazards from the agricultural sector.},
cin = {521000-2 / 160000},
ddc = {570},
cid = {$I:(DE-82)521000-2_20140620$ / $I:(DE-82)160000_20140620$},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
doi = {10.18154/RWTH-2019-09081},
url = {https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/767823},
}
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